Thawj zaug luam tawm ntawm Lub Canterbury Tales los ntawm Geoffrey Chaucer
Kos rau nws lub sijhawm Flanders, hom Caxton siv los luam tawm cov ntim no tau ua qauv ntawm kev sau ntawv ntawm Flemish cov kws sau ntawv zoo tshaj plaws.
Lithography, tsim los ntawm Aloys Senefelder (1771-1834) hauv 1790s, muaj lwm txoj kev luam ntawv. Nws tsim cov tswv yim rau kev sau ntawv ntawm ib qho chaw (thaum chiv ib lub pob zeb du heev) siv lub cuab yeej uas yog me ntsis waxy los yog greasy. Lub pob zeb tau ntub dej. Tom ntej no, tus number case raug dov tawm thoob plaws nws qhov chaw: nws yuav tsis lo rau qhov chaw ntub dej (uas tseem tsis tau sau) tab sis yuav ua raws li cov khoom uas tau npog los ntawm cov ntawv sau los yog kos duab, thiab los ntawm qhov no, luam tawm tam sim no. raug coj.
Raws li qhov tshwm sim, kev sau ntawv thiab kos duab tuaj yeem luam tawm ncaj qha, thiab qhov no tau los ua ib txoj hauv kev nrov ntawm kev luam tawm rau cov lus hais (sib koom ua ke) thiab cov ntawv tsis yog Latin xws li Arabic, nrog rau cov ntawv sau suab paj nruag thiab cov yeeb yaj kiab tshaj tawm uas ua ke nrog cov ntawv sau.
Thaum lub sijhawm xyoo pua 20th, ntau qhov sib txawv ntawm cov tshuab luam ntawv thiab luam tawm tau qhia rau hauv chaw ua haujlwm. Automated composing systems thiab ntau txoj hauv kev zoo rau kev luam cov ntaub ntawv tau ntxiv rau xyoo 1950s nrog photocomposition, siv cov duab projected raws li kev sau ib nplooj ntawv ntawm hom uas tuaj yeem luam tawm siv lithographic daim hlau.
Kev ntaus ntawv
Lwm txoj kev loj hlob nyob rau tom qab ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19 yog kev qhia txog lub tshuab ntaus ntawv. Nyob rau hauv cov teb chaws Europe cov tswv yim rau kev txhim kho tshuab ntawm kev sau ntawv tau sim nrog txij thaum pib ntawm 1700s tab sis nws yog Remington tshuab ntaus ntawv, tso tawm nyob rau hauv teb chaws USA xyoo 1872, uas tau tsim tus qauv qauv.
Rau cov lus Askiv nws yog QWERTY keyboard uas tseem muaj feem cuam tshuam thiab tseem siv niaj hnub no. Qhov randomisation ntawm cov yuam sij tau tawg cov ntawv nrov tshaj plaws hla cov keyboard thiab tiv thaiv kev sib tsoo ntawm cov yuam sij uas nyob ib sab. Qhov no tso cai rau tus neeg teb xov tooj nias tus yuam sij thiab xa ib tus neeg rauj, carved nrog ib tsab ntawv, mus rau ib qho ink-impregnated ribbon uas cim daim ntawv. Daim ntawv no tau pub los ntawm lub tshuab kab los ntawm kab.
Cov tshuab ntaus ntawv tso cai rau tus neeg teb xov tooj sau txog li 150 lo lus ib feeb uas tsis yog 30 nrog cwj mem thiab ntawv. Cov ntawv carbon tau qhib ntau daim ntawv luam ntawm ib daim ntawv los ua ib txhij. Cov tshuab ntaus ntawv tau tsim los rau ntau lub tshuab sau ntawv sib txawv.
Muab ob npaug rau Pigeon Suav ntaus ntawv
Ob tug Pigeon Suav ntaus ntawv ua cim nyob rau hauv Maoist Tuam Tshoj (1949-76).
Qhov loj leap rau pem hauv ntej rau peb niaj hnub technology pib nyob rau hauv 1960s thiab 70s. Los ntawm tsis ntev tom qab Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum II, cov khoos phis tawj muaj cov ntxaij vab tshaus thiab cov keyboards txuas rau lawv rau lub hom phiaj programming. Los ntawm nruab nrab -1970s nws tau pom tseeb tias qhov kev teeb tsa no tuaj yeem siv los sau nws tus kheej: kev ua cov lus, raws li nws tuaj yeem hu ua.
Thaum kawg nws tuaj yeem xav txog cov cuab yeej no ua lub luag haujlwm hauv kev tsim cov txheej txheem ntawm cov ntaub ntawv thiab.
Apple IIe computer
Apple II computers yog thawj microcomputers uas tau tsim.
Hauv ob peb xyoos dhau los, cov khoos phis tawj - uas ib zaug tau xav tias yog lub tshuab xam zauv loj heev uas tau npaj lub tebchaws kev lag luam lossis muab cov txiv neej tso rau lub hli - tau rov ua dua tshiab los ua cov cuab yeej sau ntawv tshiab, txuas ntxiv mus rau quill cwj mem thiab lub tshuab ntaus ntawv.
Electronic technologies tau ua pov thawj tseem ceeb heev rau kev sau ntawv. Niaj hnub no lawv npog SMS lossis ntawv xov xwm ntawm cov khoom siv txawb, nrog rau cov kev pabcuam hauv internet raws tu qauv, xws li Apple's iMessage, Facebook Messenger, WhatsApp, Viber, WeChat (Tuam Tshoj) thiab ntau lwm tus.
Cov qauv tshiab tawm tsam peb txoj kev muaj tswv yim (cov cim txwv ntawm cov lus, piv txwv li) ua rau cov ntawv sau tshiab (cu 2 hmo), cov ntawv sau (LOL) thiab tuaj txog ntawm emoticons thiab emojis: cov duab uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov ntawv luv luv thiab sawv rau ntau yam kev xav.
Cov qauv digital tshiab rau cov ntawv sau kuj tseem tsim nyog vim tias cov lus yuav tsum ua haujlwm hla ntau yam khoom siv, siv cov kev daws teeb meem sib txawv thiab cov qauv. Hom kev tsim thiab kev tshaj tawm hauv digital media yog vam meej.
Sau los ntawm Ewan Clayton Ewan yog xibfwb hauv Kev Tsim Qauv ntawm University of Sunderland thiab tus kws pab tswv yim sab nraud rau British Library's 2019 exhibition Kev Sau: Ua Koj Lub Cim. Nws yog ib tug kws qhia ntawv tseem ceeb ntawm Royal School of Drawing thiab yog tus sau ntawv.
Tshaj Tawm: Kab lus no yog los ntawm lub vev xaib A keeb kwm ntawm kev sau ntawv. Thawj qhov txuas yog nyem qhov no. Yog tias muaj teeb meem kev cai lij choj, thov hu rau peb kom tshem tawm
